12 Making the Most of Wood
It is said that if you use cypress, which is 1,000 years old, the building will last for a thousand years. Horyu-ji Temple still has a 1,000-year-old building that tells us the heart of Asuka period carpenters working on trees and architecture. If you do not see the strength and habit of the tree, you will not be able to create a strong building ... In the oral tradition that has been handed down to generations, it seems that the wisdom of craftsmen who know the hearts of trees that modern architecture had forgotten, and touch them with trees and skin continues to live.
There is a word, "Buy mountains without buying trees." It is the teaching of building a tower with trees grown in the same mountain and building a hall. Do not use Kiso trees and trees such as Nara and Shikoku together. Because if the environment changes no matter how much the same kind of tree changes, the nature will be slightly different, and the difference in character will eventually lead to the building and strain. Rather than seeing trees as one of the building materials, if you do not find the timber as a living tree that has been exposed to the rain and wind in the deep mountains and breathed, you will not be able to become a full-fledged carpenter or ridge beam. That is. On the other hand, it is also called "know the soil to know the tree."
There is a time to cut down trees. It is said to be "Tree 6 Bamboo 8", and it is better to cut trees in June in old calendar and bamboo in August. June is the current August in the solar history, and after this time, it is better to cut trees at this time to prepare for wintering. It is the time to suck enough nutrients and come out from now on. It is said that August will be cut down on a dark day in October. It is said that insects enter when cut down on the night of moonlit night.
The trees on the pass are strong and the trees on the hillside are moderately good. The trees in the valley are soft. Depending on the direction of the mountain, the trees that grew on the north side become made from soft, and the trees that grew in sunny places on the south side become pillars because the material is very hard.
The trees that look similar also have subtle habits on each one. The carpenters call this habit "the heart of the tree." It is the basis for creating a building that can withstand hundreds of years of wind and snow by combining the habit and nature of wood without killing trees. This is called "The wooden structure of the temple tower is a wood habit group." Trees that always grow in places where the wind blows from the same direction have the power to work against the wind. By making good use of the habit, if you combine the right twist and the left twist, the members will be assembled together and solid. If the right and right twists are assembled, the tower will twist to the right over a long period of time.
*This sentence is excerpted from Takenaka Carpentry Tools Museum Exhibition Commentary.
Reference Materials
"Ikaruga no Takumi miyadaiku 3rd generation", Tsunekazu Nishioka, Shigeru Aoyama
"Learn from Trees" Tsunekazu Nishioka
"Carpenter History of Tools" Sadajiro Matsumura